In-field grass areas

How

Ideally, in-field grass areas should be created by encouraging a dense grass sward through natural regeneration, but it may be necessary to sow a native grass mix. Grassland areas are best established in August or September. If it is necessary to create a seedbed, remove any compaction in the topsoil.

Including more vigorous and competitive wildflowers such as common knapweed, yarrow, teasel and wild carrot in a seed mix will make the areas more valuable to wildlife. Establishing additional features such as wildflower strips, beetle banks or bird seed mixes will enhance the value even further.

Choosing the right area is essential. In-field grass strips along the contour of the field can reduce and slow down surface run-off on long sloping fields next to a watercourse. Grass buffer strips adjacent to the watercourse will provide additional protection for the watercourse from soil erosion and run-off.

When establishing the grassland area, cut regularly in the first year to control weeds and encourage tillering. After establishing the grass area, it should be cut as infrequently as possible, and no more than once every three years. Cutting on rotation in March should minimise the risk of run-off and may provide nesting opportunities for birds and bumblebees.

To ensure the value of in-field grass areas, pesticide use should also be avoided except to weed wipe, spot treat injurious weeds or invasive non-native species, or where nettles and bracken come to dominate. To avoid soil compaction, avoid using the grass area for regular vehicle access, turning or storage.

Creating breaks such as hedgerows and woodland on long steep slopes can complement grass strips by providing more diverse habitats for small mammals, birds and insects.